WSU uses the following definitions for the purposes of counting and disclosing criminal offenses, hate crimes, arrests, and disciplinary referral statistics as listed in Section 25.
Definitions Contained in the Clery Act
The Clery Act defines sexual assault into four separate categories: rape, fondling, incest and statutory rape.
- Rape: The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances in which the victim is incapable of giving consent.
- Fondling: The touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his/her age or because of his/her temporary or permanent mental incapacity.
- Incest: Sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
- Statutory Rape: Sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent.
The following crimes are defined in the Clery Act, using the definitions from the Summary Reporting System (SRS) User Manual from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program:
- Arson: Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc.
- Criminal homicide – Manslaughter by negligence: The killing of another person through gross negligence.
- Criminal homicide – Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter: The willful (nonnegligent) killing of one human being by another.
- Robbery: The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.
- Aggravated assault: An unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm.
- Burglary: The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. This includes unlawful entry with intent to commit a larceny or felony; housebreaking; safecracking; and all attempts to commit any of the aforementioned.
- Motor vehicle theft: The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle.
- Weapons – Carrying, Possessing, Etc.: The violation of laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment, or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, incendiary devices, or other deadly weapons.
- Drug Abuse Violations: The violation of laws prohibiting the production, distribution, and/or use of certain controlled substances and the equipment or devices utilized in their preparation and/or use. The unlawful cultivation, manufacture, distribution, sale, purchase, use, possession, transportation, or importation of any controlled drug or narcotic substance. Arrests for violations of State and local laws, specifically those relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing, and making of narcotic drugs.
- Liquor Law Violations: The violation of State or local laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, or use of alcoholic beverages, not including driving under the influence and drunkenness.
The Clery Act also defines Hate Crimes as any of the above-mentioned offenses, as well as any of the below listed offenses, where the offense was motivated by bias:
- Larceny-Theft (Except for Motor Vehicle Theft): The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. Attempted larcenies are included. Embezzlement, confidence games, forgery, worthless checks, etc., are excluded.
- Simple Assault: An unlawful physical attack by one person upon another where neither the offender displays a weapon, nor the victim suffers obvious severe or aggravated bodily injury involving apparent broken bones, loss of teeth, possible internal injury, severe laceration, or loss of consciousness.
- Intimidation: To unlawfully place another person in reasonable fear of bodily harm through the use of threatening words and/or other conduct, but without displaying a weapon or subjecting the victim to actual physical attack.
- Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property: To willfully or maliciously destroy, damage, deface, or otherwise injure real or personal property without the consent of the owner or the person having custody or control of it.
Definitions Contained in the Violence Against Women Act
Sexual Assault
The term ‘sexual assault’ means any nonconsensual sexual act proscribed by Federal, tribal, or State law, including when the victim lacks capacity to consent.
Domestic Violence (34 U.S.C. 12291(a))
The term ‘‘domestic violence’’ includes felony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse or intimate partner, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies, or by any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction.
Dating Violence (34 U.S.C. 12291(a))
The term ‘‘dating violence’’ means violence committed by a person:
- who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim; and
- where the existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of the following factors:
- The length of the relationship.
- The type of relationship.
- The frequency of interaction.
Stalking (34 U.S.C. 12291(a))
The term ‘‘stalking’’ means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to:
- fear for his or her safety or the safety of others; or
- suffer substantial emotional distress.
Washington state law definitions of these crimes differ and are incorporated into the Revised Code of Washington.
WSU Policy
WSU prohibits the crimes of dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. These crimes are defined in WSU UPPM 10.60 and in the WSU Standards of Conduct for Students. WSU community members are also subject to Washington State laws prohibiting these crimes. Please note, WSU’s policy is, in part, based on state and federal regulations, laws, and guidance, which are subject to change.
WSU Policy Definitions
WSU is subject to multiple federal and state laws and regulations regarding sexual harassment and sex and gender-based violence, each with differing requirements. WSU Policy Prohibiting Discrimination and Harassment (UPPM 10.60) prohibits Title IX Sexual Harassment, discriminatory harassment, quid pro quo harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, and stalking, pursuant to Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, and its implementing regulations.
WSU addresses dating violence, domestic violence, stalking, and sexual assault. Conduct meeting the definition of and applicability of Title IX Sexual Harassment has specific procedural requirements, but WSU covers a wide range of conduct occurring both on and off-campus. Compliance and Civil Rights (CCR) can help individuals understand their options for conduct meeting the definitions under UPPM 10.60 Part B (Title IX Sexual Harassment) and UPPM 10.60 Part A (other forms of sexual harassment).
For allegations of UPPM 10.60 Part A misconduct, UPPM 10.60 applies if the alleged incident(s):
- Occurs on WSU-owned or -controlled property;
- Occurs in connection with WSU’s activities, programs, or events;
- Occurs in a building owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized by WSU;
- Has the effect of, or the potential to, unreasonably interfere with or limit an individual’s work, academic performance, living environment, personal security, or participation in any activity at WSU;
- Includes unlawful acts that directly affect WSU programs, community members, or property insofar as such acts materially and substantially interfere with the missions, functions, processes, and goals of the WSU community, or
- Includes unlawful acts that result in a guilty plea to or conviction of a felony.
For allegations of UPPM 10.60 Part B misconduct (Title IX Sexual Harassment), UPPM 10.60 applies if the alleged incident(s):
- Occurs within WSU’s educational program or activity, which includes:
- Locations, events or circumstances over which WSU exercises substantial control over both the respondent and the context in which the sexual harassment occurs; and
- Any building owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized;
- Occurs against a person in the United States; and
- Occurs against a person who is participating in or attempting to participate in WSU’s educational program or activity.
In addition, the conduct must have been committed while the respondent was a WSU community member.
Prohibited conduct includes:
- Sex-based discriminatory harassment (UPPM 10.60 Part A) – unwelcome, intentional conduct, on the basis of sex, which is so severe or pervasive, and objectively offensive, that it substantially and unreasonably:
- Interferes with, or has the potential to interfere with, an individual’s ability to participation in WSU employment, education, programs, or activities;
- Adversely alters the condition of an individual’s WSU employment, education, or participation status;
- Creates an objectively abusive employment, program, or educational environment; or
- Results in a material or substantial disruption of WSU’s operations or the rights of students, staff, faculty, visitors, or program participants.
- Title IX Sexual Harassment (UPPM 10.60 Part B) – a form of harassment involving unwelcome sex-based conduct determined by a reasonable person to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person equal access to WSU’s education programs or activities. Sexual harassment includes a wide range of behaviors, including, but not limited to:
- Verbal or physical sex-based conduct;
- Sexual exploitation;
- Causing or attempting to cause the incapacitation of another person to gain sexual advantage over that person;
- Invading another person’s sexual privacy;
- Prostituting another person;
- Engaging in voyeurism;
- Knowingly or recklessly exposing another person to a significant risk of sexually transmitted disease or infection;
- Exposing one’s intimate parts in nonconsensual circumstances; or
- Sexually-based stalking and/or bullying.
- Quid Pro Quo – a form of sex-based harassment in which an employee or other person over whom WSU has disciplinary authority providing an aid, benefit, or service under WSU’s education programs or activities explicitly or impliedly conditioning the provision of an aid, benefit, or service on a person’s participation in unwelcome sexual conduct.
- Sexual Assault – a forcible or nonforcible sex offense under the uniform crime reporting system of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. NOTE: If the following sexual assault definitions are updated in the NIBRS User Manual (available online via the FBI UCR Technical Specifications Page), the updated definitions are applied.
- Sex Offense: Any sexual act directed against another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent.
- Rape (except Statutory Rape): Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, or by a sex-related object, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Sodomy: Oral or anal sexual intercourse with another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Sexual assault with an object: To use an object or instrument to unlawfully penetrate, however slightly, the genital or anal opening of the body of another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Fondling: The touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Incest: Nonforcible sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
- Statutory Rape: Nonforcible sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent.
- Dating Violence – violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim. The existence of such a relationship is to be determined based on length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.
- Domestic Violence – a felony or misdemeanor crime of violence committed:
- By a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim or a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim;
- By a person with whom the victim shares a child in common;
- By a person who is cohabitating with, or has cohabitated with, the victim as a spouse or intimate partner;
- By a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of Washington, or
- By any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s act under the domestic or family violence laws of Washington.
- Stalking – engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to:
- Fear for the person’s safety or the safety of others; or
- Suffer substantial emotional distress.
For the purposes of this definition:
- Course of conduct means two or more acts, including, but not limited to, acts in which the stalker directly, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device, or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, or communicates to or about a person, or interferes with a person’s property.
- Reasonable person means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.
- Substantial emotional distress means significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily, require medical or other professional treatment or counseling.
- Retaliation is defined as intimidation, threats, coercion, or discrimination against any individual for the purpose of interfering with any right or privileged secured by this policy, or because the individual has made a report or complaint, testified, assisted, or participated or refused to participate in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this policy. First amendment activities do not constitute retaliation.
- Interference includes actions that intentionally:
- Dissuade or attempt to dissuade reporting parties, responding parties, or witnesses from reporting or participating in an investigation;
- Attempt to influence a complainant, respondent, or witness to make an inaccurate statement in the investigation;
- Delay or disrupt, or attempt to delay or disrupt, any university processes related to this policy; and/or
- Alter or attempt to alter the evidence provided to or received by investigative or disciplinary processes.
- False Statements is defined as making a materially false statement in bad faith during any proceeding or process under this policy. No complaint is considered false solely because it cannot be corroborated.
Consent
Consent to any sexual activity must be clear, knowing, and voluntary. Anything less is equivalent to a “no.” Clear, knowing, and voluntary consent to sexual activity requires that, at the time of the act, and throughout the sexual contact, all parties actively express words or conduct that a reasonable person would conclude demonstrates clear permission regarding willingness to engage in sexual activity and the conditions of such activity. Consent is active; silence or passivity is not consent. Even if words or conduct alone seem to imply consent, sexual activity is nonconsensual when:
- Force or coercion is threatened or used to procure compliance with the sexual activity.
- Force is the use of physical violence, physical force, threat, or intimidation to overcome resistance or gain consent to sexual activity.
- Coercion is unreasonable pressure for sexual activity. When an individual makes it clear through words or actions that the individual does not want to engage in sexual contact, wants to stop, or does not want to go past a certain point of sexual interaction, continued pressure beyond that point may be coercive. Other examples of coercion may include using blackmail or extortion to overcome resistance or gain consent to sexual activity.
- The person is asleep, unconscious, or physically unable to communicate their unwillingness to engage in sexual activity; or
- A reasonable person would or should know that the other person lacks the mental capacity at the time of the sexual activity to be able to understand the nature or consequences of the act, whether that incapacity is produced by illness, defect, the influence of alcohol or another substance, or some other cause. When alcohol or drugs are involved, a person is considered incapacitated or unable to give valid consent if the individual cannot fully understand the details of the sexual interaction (i.e., who, what, when, where, why, and how), and/or the individual lacks the capacity to reasonably understand the situation and to make rational, reasonable decisions.
WSU Policy Prohibiting Discrimination and Harassment (UPPM 10.60)
UPPM 10.60, the WSU Policy Prohibiting Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, Sexual Misconduct, prohibits sexual harassment including sexual misconduct and other forms of sex and gender based violence as defined below. WSU will address student allegations of sex and gender based violence regardless of where the conduct occurred.
WSU is subject to multiple federal and state laws and regulations regarding sexual harassment and sex and gender-based violence, each with differing requirements. WSU UPPM 10.60 prohibits sexual harassment as defined under Title IX Sexual Harassment, pursuant to Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972. WSU UPPM 10.60 also prohibits conduct that does not meet the Title IX definition of sexual harassment yet is contrary to WSU’s mission and values, including conduct occurring in the workplace implicating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or the Washington Law Against Discrimination. Such conduct is defined under Other Sexual Harassment Violations.
Title IX Sexual Harassment Definitions
For the purposes of Title IX sexual harassment, sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome conduct determined by a reasonable person to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person equal access to the university’s education program or activity. The Title IX Sexual Harassment section of UPPM 10.60 applies to all students, faculty, staff, and others having an association with the University where the alleged incidents: May constitute Title IX Sexual Harassment; Occurs within WSU’s educational program or activity, which includes, locations, events, or circumstances over which WSU exercises substantial control over both the respondent and the context in which the sexual harassment occurs, and any building owned or controlled by a student organization that is officially recognized; Occurs against a person in the United states; and Occurs against a person who is participating in or attempting to participate in WSU’s educational program or activity. This includes, but is not limited to:
- Quid Pro Quo – a school employee conditioning an educational benefit or service upon a person’s participation in unwelcome sexual conduct.
- Sexual Assault – a forcible or nonforcible sex offense under the uniform crime reporting system of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. NOTE: If the following sexual assault definitions are updated in the NIBRS User Manual (available online via the FBI UCR Technical Specifications Page), the updated definitions are applied.
- Sex Offense: Any sexual act directed against another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent.
- Rape (except Statutory Rape): The carnal knowledge of a person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Sodomy: Oral or anal sexual intercourse with another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Sexual assault with an object: To use an object or instrument to unlawfully penetrate, however, slightly, the genital or anal opening of the body of another person, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Fondling: The touching of the private body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.
- Incest: Sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
- Statutory Rape: Sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent.
- Dating Violence – violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim. The existence of such a relationship is to be determined based on length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.
- Domestic Violence – a felony or misdemeanor crime of violence committed:
- By a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim;
- By a person with whom the victim shares a child in common;
- By a person who is cohabitating with, or has cohabitated with, the victim as a spouse or intimate partner;
- By a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of Washington, or
- By any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person’s act under the domestic or family violence laws of Washington.
- Stalking – engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to:
- Fear for the person’s safety or the safety of others; or
- Suffer substantial emotional distress.
- Course of conduct means two or more acts, including, but not limited to, acts in which the stalker directly, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device, or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, or communicates to or about a person, or interferes with a person’s property.
- Reasonable person means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.
- Substantial emotional distress means significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily, require medical or other professional treatment or counseling.
Other Sexual Harassment Definitions
WSU prohibits additional forms of sexual harassment listed in the numbered sections below. These definitions apply to all students, faculty, staff, and others having an association with the University if the incident meets any one of the following conditions:
- Conditions:
- Occurs on WSU owned or controlled property;
- Occurs in connection with WSU activities, programs, or events;
- Has the effect of, or the potential to, unreasonably interfere with or limit an individual’s work, academic performance, living environment, personal security, or participation in any activity at WSU;
- Includes unlawful acts that directly affect WSU programs, community members, or property insofar as such acts materially and substantially interfere with the missions, functions, processes, and goals of the WSU community; or
- Includes unlawful acts that result in a guilty plea to or conviction of a felony.
- Title VII Sexual Harassment: Amongst employees, harassment on the basis of sex is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when any of the following conditions is met:
- Submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment;
- Submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decision affecting such individual, or
- Such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.
- Other Sexual Harassment is defined as:
- Unwelcome, intentional conduct, on the basis of sex and/or gender, which is so severe or pervasive, and objectively offensive, that it substantially and unreasonably:
- Interferes with, or has the potential to interfere with, an individual’s ability to participate in WSU employment, education, programs, or activities;
- Adversely alters the condition of an individual’s WSU employment, education, or participation status;
- Creates an objectively abusive employment, program, or educational environment; or
- Results in a material or substantial disruption of WSU’s operations or the rights of students, staff, faculty, visitors, or program participants.
- Sex and/or gender-based violence: Sex and/or gender-based violence is an egregious form of sexual harassment and is defined as sexual assault, stalking, dating violence and domestic violence as defined in the Title IX Sexual Harassment Definitions, and sexual exploitation as defined below.
- Unwelcome, intentional conduct, on the basis of sex and/or gender, which is so severe or pervasive, and objectively offensive, that it substantially and unreasonably:
- Sexual Exploitation occurs when a person takes nonconsensual or abusive sexual advantage of another for their own advantage or benefit, or to benefit or advantage anyone other than the one being exploited, and that behavior does not otherwise constitute one of the other sexual misconduct offenses explained above. Examples of sexual exploitation may include, but are not limited to:
- Causing or attempting to cause the incapacitation of another person to gain sexual advantage over such other person;
- Invading another person’s sexual privacy;
- Prostituting another person;
- Engaging in voyeurism. A person commits voyeurism if, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, he or she knowingly views, photographs, records, or films another person, without that person’s knowledge and consent, while the person being viewed, photographed, recorded, or filmed is in a place where he or she has a reasonable expectation of privacy;
- Knowingly or recklessly exposing another person to a significant risk of sexually transmitted disease or infection;
- Exposing one’s intimate parts in nonconsensual circumstances;
- Sexually-based stalking and/or bullying.
- Retaliation: Intimidation, threats, coercion, or discrimination against any individual for the purpose of interfering with any right or privileged secured by this policy, or because the individual has made a report or complaint, testified, assisted, or participated or refused to participate in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this policy. First amendment activities do not constitute retaliation.
- Interference includes actions that intentionally:
- Dissuade or attempt to dissuade reporting parties, responding parties, or witnesses from reporting or participating in an investigation;
- Attempt to influence a complainant, respondent, or witness to make an inaccurate statement in the investigation;
- Delay or disrupt, or attempt to delay or disrupt, any University processes related to this policy; and/or
- Alter or attempt to alter the evidence provided to or received by investigative or disciplinary processes.
- False Statements: Making a materially false statement in bad faith during any proceeding or process under this policy. No complaint is considered false solely because it cannot be corroborated.
Consent
Consent to any sexual activity must be clear, knowing, and voluntary. Anything less is equivalent to a “no.” Clear, knowing, and voluntary consent to sexual activity requires that, at the time of the act, and throughout the sexual contact, all parties actively express words or conduct that a reasonable person would conclude demonstrates clear permission regarding willingness to engage in sexual activity and the conditions of such activity. Consent is active; silence or passivity is not consent. Even if words or conduct alone seem to imply consent, sexual activity is nonconsensual when:
- Force or coercion is threatened or used to procure compliance with the sexual activity.
- Force is the use of physical violence, physical force, threat, or intimidation to overcome resistance or gain consent to sexual activity.
- Coercion is unreasonable pressure for sexual activity. When an individual makes it clear through words or actions that the individual does not want to engage in sexual contact, wants to stop, or does not want to go past a certain point of sexual interaction, continued pressure beyond that point may be coercive. Other examples of coercion may include using blackmail or extortion to overcome resistance or gain consent to sexual activity.
- The person is asleep, unconscious, or physically unable to communicate his or her unwillingness to engage in sexual activity; or
- A reasonable person would or should know that the other person lacks the mental capacity at the time of the sexual activity to be able to understand the nature or consequences of the act, whether that incapacity is produced by illness, defect, the influence of alcohol or another substance, or some other cause. When alcohol or drugs are involved, a person is considered incapacitated or unable to give valid consent if the individual cannot fully understand the details of the sexual interaction (i.e., who, what, when, where, why, and how), and/or the individual lacks the capacity to reasonably understand the situation and to make rational, reasonable decisions.
Protection Orders and No-Contact Orders
Victims/survivors have the right to seek legal protections such as orders of protection, no contact orders, restraining orders, or other lawful orders of criminal, civil, or tribal courts. WSU will comply with the lawful orders issued by such a court and will make modifications to educational and/or workplace environments to comply with the terms of such lawful orders. WSU may also implement a no contact order on any party as an interim measure, or as a sanction after a determination of responsibility, consistent with the WSU Code of Conduct for Students (WAC 504-26-050), WSU BPPM 50.30 – Workplace Violence, and the Washington Governor’s Executive Order 96-05 – Domestic Violence in the Workplace.